Public expenditure on labour market policies, by type of action

Expenditure on labour market policies (LMP) is limited to public interventions which are explicitly targeted at groups of persons with difficulties in the labour market: the unemployed, the employed at risk of involuntary job loss and inactive persons who would like to enter the labour market. Total expenditure is broken down into LMP services (category 1), which covers the costs of the public employment service (PES) together with any other publicly funded services for jobseekers; LMP measures (categories 2-7), which covers activation measures for the unemployed and other target groups including the categories of training, job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives, supported employment and rehabilitation, direct job creation, and start-up incentives; and LMP supports (categories 8-9), which covers out-of-work income maintenance and support (mostly unemployment benefits) and early retirement benefits.