Wind Turbine Sound Setbacks and Supply Curves: Ordinances and Extrapolated Trends, 110 Hub Height, 130 Rotor Diameter

Description

This dataset provides a comprehensive set of wind turbine sound setbacks from every residential structure in the contiguous United States (CONUS). A sound setback is defined as the minimum required distance between a residential structure and a hypothetical turbine installation site to ensure that modeled sound levels received at the residence do not exceed local sound ordinances, which are commonly expressed in A-weighted decibels (dBA). Therefore, sound setbacks are a local spatial assessment combining multiple factors, including the sound pressure curve as a function of the observer location (distance and direction) relative to the turbine, local sound regulations, and the geographical distribution of residential structures. The dataset is organized into multiple scenario-based products, detailed as follows: 1. Existing and extrapolated sound setbacks. An existing scenario characterizes sound setbacks only in states or counties that have implemented sound regulations as of 2022. The extrapolated scenarios extend a constant sound threshold to counties that lack explicit sound regulations, with thresholds ranging from 35 to 60 dBA, in 5-dBA increments reflecting the variation observed in current sound ordinances. 2. Sound setbacks in directional and worst scenarios. The directional scenario accounts for the distance and orientation of residential structures relative to a hypothetical turbine location, utilizing the turbine's sound emissions in that specific direction. In contrast, the worst scenario takes loudest sound level at each distance step from the turbine, irrespective of directional considerations, which aligns with current industry practice. 3. Supply curves for Open and Reference Access scenarios. This dataset includes supply curves generated by the reV model, which integrates each of the above sound setbacks into both Open and Reference siting scenarios. In addition, two Open and Reference baselines scenarios were included which do not consider sound setbacks for comparative analysis. All sound setback data are stored in TIF files, with partial maps of the data provided in PNG format. The values in the sound setback raster range from 0 to 1, representing the fraction of developable land within a 90 meter by 90 meter pixel due to sound ordinances. A value of 0 indicates areas where wind energy development is prohibited, while a value of 1 signifies areas fully permissible. The wind turbine parameters used in the sound modeling are based on the land-based turbine from International Energy Agency (IEA), featuring a rated electrical power of 3.4 MW, a rotor diameter of 130 meters, and a hub height of 110 meters. The atmospheric conditions, including wind speed/direction, turbulence, air temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure, that drive the sound generation are obtained from the WIND Toolkit dataset.

Resources

Name Format Description Link
8 A supply curve was derived from the reV model, incorporating all exclusions specified in the open access and sound setbacks with existing ordinances in directional scenario. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Open_Access_110hh_130rd_Directional_Scenario_Existing_Ordinances_Supply_Curve.csv
8 A supply curve was derived from the reV model, incorporating all exclusions specified in the open access, except for sound setbacks. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Open_Access_110hh_130rd_Baseline_Supply_Curve.csv
8 A supply curve was derived from the reV model, incorporating all exclusions specified in the reference access and sound setbacks with an existing ordinances in worst scenario. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Reference_Access_110hh_130rd_Worst_Scenario_Existing_Ordinances_Supply_Curve.csv
8 A supply curve was derived from the reV model, incorporating all exclusions specified in the reference access and sound setbacks with existing ordinances in directional scenario. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Reference_Access_110hh_130rd_Directional_Scenario_Existing_Ordinances_Supply_Curve.csv
8 A supply curve was derived from the reV model, incorporating all exclusions specified in the reference access, except for sound setbacks. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Reference_Access_110hh_130rd_Baseline_Supply_Curve.csv
34 Cartographic map of sound setbacks for wind technology. This is the extrapolated version where a constant sound ordinance of 35 dBA to is extrapolated to counties that lack specific sound regulations. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Wind_Sound_Setbacks_110hh_130rd_Extrapolated_Ordinance_35dBA_Worst_Scenario_Map.png
34 Cartographic map of sound setbacks for wind technology. This is the extrapolated version where a constant sound ordinance of 45 dBA to is extrapolated to counties that lack specific sound regulations. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Wind_Sound_Setbacks_110hh_130rd_Extrapolated_Ordinance_45dBA_Worst_Scenario_Map.png
48 Map of sound setbacks derived from existing ordinances in the directional scenario for wind technology in TIF format. This version includes sound setbacks only in counties and states that have implemented specific sound regulations. The dataset’s values range from 0 to 1, with each fractional value indicating the percentage of developable area within a pixel. Due to size, a GIS software is likely needed to open this file. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Wind_Sound_Setbacks_110hh_130rd_Existing_Ordinances_Directional_Scenario.tif
34 Cartographic map of sound setbacks for wind technology. This is the extrapolated version where a constant sound ordinance of 60 dBA to is extrapolated to counties that lack specific sound regulations. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Wind_Sound_Setbacks_110hh_130rd_Extrapolated_Ordinance_60dBA_Worst_Scenario_Map.png
57 Supply curves were derived from the reV model, this folder contains files for the extrapolated version where a constant sound ordinance of 35-60 dBA to is extrapolated to counties that lack specific sound regulations in directional scenario and reference access. Each sound ordinance level has an individual file. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Reference%20Access%20110hh%20130rd%20Directional%20Scenario%20Extrapolated%20Ordinance%20Supply%20Curves.zip
57 Supply curves were derived from the reV model, this folder contains files for the extrapolated version where a constant sound ordinance of 35-60 dBA to is extrapolated to counties that lack specific sound regulations in worst scenario and reference access. Each sound ordinance level has an individual file. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Reference%20Access%20110hh%20130rd%20Worst%20Scenario%20Extrapolated%20Ordinance%20Supply%20Curves.zip
57 Supply curves were derived from the reV model, this folder contains files for the extrapolated version where a constant sound ordinance of 35-60 dBA to is extrapolated to counties that lack specific sound regulations in worst scenario and open access. Each sound ordinance level has an individual file. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Open%20Access%20110hh%20130rd%20Worst%20Scenario%20Extrapolated%20Ordinance%20Supply%20Curves.zip
57 Maps of sound setbacks derived from extrapolated version in the worst scenario for wind technology in TIF format. Each version extrapolates a constant sound ordinance of various dBAs (35-60) to counties that lack specific sound regulations. The datasets’s values range from 0 to 1, with each fractional value indicating the percentage of developable area within a pixel. Due to size, a GIS software is likely needed to open the files in the folder. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Worst%20Scenario%20Wind%20Sound%20Setbacks%20110hh%20130rd%20Extrapolated%20Ordinance%20TIF%20Files.zip
8 A supply curve was derived from the reV model, incorporating all exclusions specified in the open access and sound setbacks with existing ordinances in worst scenario. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Open_Access_110hh_130rd_Worst_Scenario_Existing_Ordinances_Supply_Curve.csv
34 Cartographic map of sound setbacks for wind technology. This is the existing version where sound setbacks were mapped in counties and states that have implemented specific sound regulations. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Wind_Sound_Setbacks_110hh_130rd_Existing_Ordinance_Worst_Scenario_Map.png
57 Maps of sound setbacks derived from extrapolated version in the directional scenario for wind technology in TIF format. Each version extrapolates a constant sound ordinance of various dBAs (35-60) to counties that lack specific sound regulations. The datasets’s values range from 0 to 1, with each fractional value indicating the percentage of developable area within a pixel. Due to size, a GIS software is likely needed to open the files in the folder. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Directional%20Scenario%20Wind%20Sound%20Setbacks%20110hh%20130rd%20Extrapolated%20Ordinance%20TIF%20Files.zip
48 Map of sound setbacks derived from existing ordinances in the worst scenario for wind technology in TIF format. This version includes sound setbacks only in counties and states that have implemented specific sound regulations. The dataset’s values range from 0 to 1, with each fractional value indicating the percentage of developable area within a pixel. Due to size, a GIS software is likely needed to open this file. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Wind_Sound_Setbacks_110hh_130rd_Existing_Ordinances_Worst_Scenario.tif
57 Supply curves were derived from the reV model, this folder contains files for the extrapolated version where a constant sound ordinance of 35-60 dBA to is extrapolated to counties that lack specific sound regulations in directional scenario and open access. Each sound ordinance level has an individual file. https://data.openei.org/files/6457/Open%20Access%20110hh%20130rd%20Directional%20Scenario%20Extrapolated%20Ordinance%20Supply%20Curves.zip

Tags

  • data
  • tif
  • setbacks
  • sound-ordinances
  • sound
  • regulatory-constraints
  • png
  • turbine
  • wind-power
  • land-based-wind
  • siting-lab
  • setback
  • regulation
  • surrogate-modeling
  • wind-energy
  • sound-regulations
  • county-ordinance
  • sitinglab
  • sound-setbacks
  • regulatory

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