Description
Coastal environments such as islands have unique opportunities for renewable energy resources. This work explores the wave and offshore wind energy potential for the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands, including Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. A numerical wave model based on WAVEWATCH III and SWAN (both are NWS / NOAA models) was developed, validated, and executed to generate a 32-year hindcast dataset suitable for resource characterization for each island. A complementary offshore wind resource characterization is provided for the same time period based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5).
Each island has five netcdf files:
1. wave_[island]annual_J_map.nc: the data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m])
2. wave[island]100m_IEC: six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
3. wave[island]_5km_IEC: six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
4. wind_island_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc: wind speed timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (m/s) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
5. wind_island_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc: wind direction timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (degrees) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
Resources
| Name | Format | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| READ_ME.txt | Text | Metadata for IEC wave parameters. | Open resource |
| wave_baker_howland_100m_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Baker and Howland Islands | Open resource |
| wave_baker_howland_5km_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Baker and Howland Islands | Open resource |
| wave_baker_howland_annual_J_map.nc | NetCDF | The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Baker Island and Howland Island | Open resource |
| wave_jarvis_100m_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Jarvis Island | Open resource |
| wave_jarvis_5km_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Jarvis Island | Open resource |
| wave_jarvis_annual_J_map.nc | NetCDF | The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Jarvis Island | Open resource |
| wave_johnston_100m_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Johnston Atoll | Open resource |
| wave_johnston_5km_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Johnston Atoll | Open resource |
| wave_johnston_annual_J_map.nc | NetCDF | The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Johnston Atoll | Open resource |
| wave_palmyra_kingman_100m_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef | Open resource |
| wave_palmyra_kingman_5km_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Kingman Reef and Palmyra Atoll | Open resource |
| wave_palmyra_kingman_annual_J_map.nc | NetCDF | The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef | Open resource |
| wave_wake_100m_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Wake Island | Open resource |
| wave_wake_5km_IEC.nc | NetCDF | Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Wake Island | Open resource |
| wave_wake_annual_J_map.nc | NetCDF | The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Wake Island | Open resource |
| wind_baker_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Baker Island | Open resource |
| wind_baker_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Baker Island | Open resource |
| wind_howland_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Howland Island | Open resource |
| wind_howland_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Howland Island | Open resource |
| wind_jarvis_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Jarvis Island | Open resource |
| wind_jarvis_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Jarvis Island | Open resource |
| wind_johnston_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Johnston Atoll | Open resource |
| wind_johnston_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Johnston Atoll | Open resource |
| wind_kingman_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Kingman Reef | Open resource |
| wind_kingman_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Kingman Reef | Open resource |
| wind_palmyra_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Palmyra Atoll | Open resource |
| wind_palmyra_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Palmyra Atoll | Open resource |
| wind_wake_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Wake Island | Open resource |
| wind_wake_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc | NetCDF | ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Wake Island | Open resource |