Homo sapiens expanded into the Northern European Plains by 45,000 years ago

1,322 morphologically unidentified fragmentary bone specimens were analyzed using MALDI-TOF and a subset of 341 bone specimens with LC-MS/MS in order to characterize their proteome for species identification and potential hominin specimens related to the LRJ transitional period derived from the site Ilsenhöhle Ranis, Germany (50°39.7563’N, 11°33.9139’E).