Trichoderma atroviride P1 Colonization of Tomato Plants Enhances Both Direct and Indirect Defense Barriers Against Insects

FIGURE 1  Survival rate of S. littoralis larvae, from 3rd instar (time 0) to pupation, reared on tomato leaves obtained from plants treated with Trichoderma atroviride P1 or untreated control plants. Asterisk indicates that the two survival curves are significantly different (LogRank test, P = 0.0027).   FIGURE 3  Survival of Macrosiphum euphorbiae reared on tomato plants treated with T. atroviride P1 or untreated control plants. Asterisk indicates that the two survival curves are significantly different (LogRank test, P = 0.0012).   FIGURE 4  Flight behavior of Aphidius ervi females (%) toward tomato plants inoculated with T. atroviride P1 and untreated controls. Asterisk indicates a significant difference, assigned by G test for independence (P < 0.001).   TABLE 1 GC-MS detection of VOCs released by tomato plants obtained from seeds untreated (Control) and treated with Trichoderma atroviride strain P1.