Total Water Level

The Total Water Level (TWL) dataset for the Portuguese continental coast provides an hourly time series from 1994 to 2022. The TWL is computed using a linear summation equation that considers the wave runup, astronomical tides, storm surges and sea level anomalies to model coastal water levels. By integrating multiple dynamic components, the TWL dataset provides a comprehensive insight of coastal exposure to extreme events such as flooding and overtopping, supporting coastal risk management.