National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic cover derived from analysis of images collected during stratified random surveys (StRS) across the Pacific Remote Island Areas

Description

The benthic cover data in this collection result from the analysis of images produced by benthic photo-quadrat surveys. These surveys were conducted along transects at stratified random sites across the Pacific Remote Island Areas since 2014 as a part of the ongoing National Coral Reef Monitoring Program's (NCRMP) Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) surveys for corals and fish. Benthic cover data and the associated images are both included in this collection. A stratified random sampling (StRS) design was employed to survey the coral reef ecosystems throughout the U.S. Pacific regions. The survey domain encompassed the majority of the mapped area of reef and hard bottom habitats in the 0-30 m depth range. The stratification scheme included island, reef zone, and depth. Sampling effort was allocated based on strata area and sites were randomly located within strata. Sites were surveyed using photo-quadrats along transects to collect benthic imagery to ultimately produce estimates of relative abundance (percent cover), frequency of occurrence, benthic community taxonomic composition and relative generic richness. Benthic habitat imagery were quantitatively analyzed using Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe; Kohler and Gill, 2006) software in 2014 and a web-based annotation tool called CoralNet (Beijbom et al. 2015) thereafter. In general, images were analyzed to produce three functional group levels of benthic cover: Tier 1 (e.g., hard coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g., Hard Coral = massive, branching, foliose, encrusting, etc.; Macroalgae = upright macroalgae, encrusting macroalgae, bluegreen macroalgae, and Halimeda, etc.), and Tier 3 (e.g., Hard Coral = Astreopora sp, Favia sp, Pocillopora, etc.; Macroalgae = Caulerpa sp, Dictyosphaeria sp, Padina sp, etc.).

Resources

Name Format Description Link
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5154fbh
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Kohler, K.E. and S.M. Gill, 2006. Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe): A Visual Basic program for the determination of coral and substrate coverage using random point count methodology. Computers and Geosciences, Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 1259-1269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009
0 Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ANCRMP-StRS-Images-PRIA.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://coralreef.noaa.gov
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36154
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36157
0 O. Beijbom, P. J. Edmunds, C. Roelfsema, J. Smith, D. I. Kline, B. Neal, M. J. Dunlap, V. Moriarty, T-Y. Fan, C-J. Tan, S. Chan, T. Treibitz, A. Gamst, B. G. Mitchell, D. Kriegman. "Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation". PLOS One, July 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 NCEI Documents only accession https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0157633
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
21 ERDDAP acts as a middleman between you and various remote data servers. ERDDAP offers an easy-to-use, consistent way to request data: via the OPeNDAP standard. Many datasets can also be accessed via ERDDAP's Web Map Service (WMS). ERDDAP returns data in the common file format of your choice. ERDDAP offers all data as .html table, ESRI .asc and .csv, Google Earth .kml, OPeNDAP binary, .mat, .nc, ODV .txt, .csv, .tsv, .json, and .xhtml. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/CRCP_Benthic_Cover_PRIAs.html
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5154fbh
0 Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ANCRMP-StRS-Images-PRIA.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 NCEI Documents only accession https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0157633
0 Institution web page https://coralreef.noaa.gov
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36154
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36157
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009
0 O. Beijbom, P. J. Edmunds, C. Roelfsema, J. Smith, D. I. Kline, B. Neal, M. J. Dunlap, V. Moriarty, T-Y. Fan, C-J. Tan, S. Chan, T. Treibitz, A. Gamst, B. G. Mitchell, D. Kriegman. "Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation". PLOS One, July 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
21 ERDDAP acts as a middleman between you and various remote data servers. ERDDAP offers an easy-to-use, consistent way to request data: via the OPeNDAP standard. Many datasets can also be accessed via ERDDAP's Web Map Service (WMS). ERDDAP returns data in the common file format of your choice. ERDDAP offers all data as .html table, ESRI .asc and .csv, Google Earth .kml, OPeNDAP binary, .mat, .nc, ODV .txt, .csv, .tsv, .json, and .xhtml. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/CRCP_Benthic_Cover_PRIAs.html
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5154fbh
0 Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ANCRMP-StRS-Images-PRIA.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 NCEI Documents only accession https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0157633
0 Institution web page https://coralreef.noaa.gov
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36157
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009
0 O. Beijbom, P. J. Edmunds, C. Roelfsema, J. Smith, D. I. Kline, B. Neal, M. J. Dunlap, V. Moriarty, T-Y. Fan, C-J. Tan, S. Chan, T. Treibitz, A. Gamst, B. G. Mitchell, D. Kriegman. "Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation". PLOS One, July 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
21 ERDDAP acts as a middleman between you and various remote data servers. ERDDAP offers an easy-to-use, consistent way to request data: via the OPeNDAP standard. Many datasets can also be accessed via ERDDAP's Web Map Service (WMS). ERDDAP returns data in the common file format of your choice. ERDDAP offers all data as .html table, ESRI .asc and .csv, Google Earth .kml, OPeNDAP binary, .mat, .nc, ODV .txt, .csv, .tsv, .json, and .xhtml. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/CRCP_Benthic_Cover_PRIAs.html
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36154
21 ERDDAP acts as a middleman between you and various remote data servers. ERDDAP offers an easy-to-use, consistent way to request data: via the OPeNDAP standard. Many datasets can also be accessed via ERDDAP's Web Map Service (WMS). ERDDAP returns data in the common file format of your choice. ERDDAP offers all data as .html table, ESRI .asc and .csv, Google Earth .kml, OPeNDAP binary, .mat, .nc, ODV .txt, .csv, .tsv, .json, and .xhtml. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/CRCP_Benthic_Cover_PRIAs.html
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5154fbh
0 Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ANCRMP-StRS-Images-PRIA.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 NCEI Documents only accession https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0157633
0 Institution web page https://coralreef.noaa.gov
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36154
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36157
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009
0 O. Beijbom, P. J. Edmunds, C. Roelfsema, J. Smith, D. I. Kline, B. Neal, M. J. Dunlap, V. Moriarty, T-Y. Fan, C-J. Tan, S. Chan, T. Treibitz, A. Gamst, B. G. Mitchell, D. Kriegman. "Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation". PLOS One, July 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312

Tags

  • kingman reef (06n162w0001)
  • crep
  • 86hjcn
  • coral cover
  • united states of america
  • pacific remote islands marine national monument
  • reef monitoring and assessment
  • johnston atoll (16n169w0001)
  • aquatic habitat
  • wake atoll
  • corals
  • tridacna
  • benthic habitat
  • coral reef ecosystem division
  • benthic
  • ocean chemistry
  • marine plants
  • baker island
  • bnxuwk
  • cd03ml
  • pifsc
  • photograph analysis
  • in situ biological
  • jarvis island (00s160w0001)
  • biosphere
  • photographic analysis
  • pacific remote island areas
  • machine-learning algorithm
  • national coral reef monitoring program
  • palmyra atoll (05n162w0001)
  • oceans
  • strs
  • algae
  • marine invertebrates
  • hard coral cover
  • numeric data sets
  • rapid ecological assessment
  • algal cover
  • hard coral cover live percentage
  • baseline studies
  • macroinvertebrates
  • oceanography
  • fcmt29
  • coralnet
  • sponges
  • baker island (00n176w0001)
  • quadrat monitoring
  • habitats
  • national coral reef monitoring program (ncrmp)
  • howland island
  • pacific islands fisheries science center
  • earth science
  • wrx2nh
  • g155ty
  • benthic biology
  • line islands
  • seagrass
  • triennial
  • vegetation
  • rea
  • ramp
  • climate change
  • crustose coralline algae
  • primnm
  • pria
  • marine biology
  • coral communities
  • cred
  • mollusks
  • howland island (00s176w0001)
  • encrusting macroalgae
  • de3cuj
  • stratified random surveys
  • p02xtc
  • visual images
  • microbiota
  • benthos analysis
  • central pacific ocean
  • usa minor outlying islands
  • 743
  • blue-green algae
  • transect monitoring
  • 9mrcea
  • rhyft8
  • reef habitat
  • reef assessment and monitoring program
  • coral reef ecology
  • ocean basin
  • ecosystem sciences division
  • coral
  • 75hnek
  • esd
  • coastal processes
  • johnston atoll
  • linear transect (point)
  • octocoral cover
  • zoology
  • coral reefs
  • w9g0df
  • pacific ocean
  • rapid assessment studies
  • country/territory
  • yaxauc
  • belt transect
  • turf algae
  • wake atoll (19n167e0001)
  • robot-assisted annotations
  • coral reef ecosystem program

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