Groundwater Seepage Measurements in Northeast Section of Bear Lake, Muskegon County, Michigan, October 2015

Five discrete groundwater seepage measurements were collected to make a direct measurement of the flux of water across the sediment-water interface. Change in volume/time is the volumetric rate of flow. The volumetric rate of flow was used to calculate flux velocity (distance/time), by dividing the specific area of the seepage meter (2.70-square-feet). The change in volume over the time the seepage test was conducted is the volumetric flow rate of ground water seepage. Flux velocity could be multiplied by the study area to acquire a shallow groundwater flux.