New Zealand sea clay area
Description
The southwestern sea clay area covers a large part of Zeeland and the South Holland islands. It is divided chronologically into oldland and newland. Newland includes the eastern part of Schouwen-Duiveland, the northern part of Tholen, St. Philipsland, a small part of Walcheren, Noord-Beveland, the western and eastern part of Zuid-Beveland, and most of Zeeuwsch-Vlaanderen. From the middle of the 13th century, dikes were no longer built so much to defend existing land, but also to gain ‘new’ land. The areas that belong to them are called newland and consist of both washing up and washing up, and of re-silted ‘drowned’ oldland (such as Noord-Beveland). Washing up are plates or salt marshes that form in the middle of the water under the influence of the tidal action. Acquisitions are sludges against already diked land. In Nieuwlandpolders there are often remnants of creeks, which were closed off from the outside water at the dike. The Newland polders are silted up higher and sounded less than the Oldland polders and are therefore relatively high in the landscape. The soil structure is much more uniform than that of the oldland polders. The habitation in the Nieuwlandpolders was not tied to certain high-lying parts; The polders were flat and had good natural drainage. As a result, a large part of the land could also be used for arable farming (e.g. grain, madder and flax, later potatoes and sugar beet) and fruit cultivation. Only the lowest parts along the creeks were used as grassland. The design of the polder is usually rational: a rectangular, relatively large-scale parcelling with straight roads. The farms were built scattered in the polders, the newly founded settlements concentrated along the roads and dikes (road and dike villages). From the 15th century, forecourt villages were built. Several polders have been flooded several times. Major floods have been the storm surges of 1134, 1248, 1375, 1421 (Second Elisabeth Flood), 1530/32 (North Beveland and South Beveland), 1570 (Land of Saeftinghe) and 1953. Welden and creeks indicate in the current landscape where the dikes have broken through. In response to the floods, low-lying dikes were built. The inlay dike was laid in places where the existing dike threatened to break through. The area between this dike and the old seawall is called inlay. Inlays mainly occur where a deep stream channel ran close to the dike and where the subsoil was weak (young sea sand). In order to strengthen dikes, clay was often excavated from the inlays and thus elongated puddles were created, separated from each other by dams. Because this clay was disposed of with carts, these areas are called cart fields. In the 19th century, the landscape of the Newland polders was strongly influenced locally by the construction of railways, canals and dams, later followed by the inundation of 1953 and the large-scale reparcelling.
Resources
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https://opengeodata.zeeland.nl/geoserver/chs/wms?request=GetCapabilities, https://opengeodata.zeeland.nl/geoserver/chs/wfs?request=GetCapabilities |
Tags
- geologie
- cultuurhistorie
- bedijkt-land
- landschaptypen
- opwassen-en-aanwassen
- aardkunde