GcBÜK400 - Copper in the topsoil
Description
Copper is an essential element for the nutrition of all living beings, but can lead to toxic effects if there is an extreme oversupply. The mean Cu content of the rocks of the upper continental crust (clarke value) is 14 mg/kg. Analogous to chromium and nickel, it is mainly enriched in alkaline rocks (diabase, basalts, metabasite). The mean Cu contents (medians) of the Saxon main rock types range from 2 to 67 mg/kg, the regional clark of the Ore Mountains/Vogtland is 23 mg/kg. Geogenous Cu enrichments are mainly found in the Ore Mountains above the mineralizations that are widespread here. Chalcopyrite (copper gravel) is widespread in almost all mineral associations as a so-called transit mineral. Strong anthropogenic Cu inputs are mainly caused by non-ferrous metallurgy. Due to the diverse use of Cu, e.g. in electrical engineering, as alloy metal, piping material and gutters, the element is also increasingly discharged into the wastewater. For unpolluted soils, Cu contents of 2 to 40 mg/kg are considered normal. The regional distribution of the Cu contents in the topsoil is mainly determined by the geogenous proportion of the substrates. Due to the elevated Cu-contents of the diabase (58 mg/kg) widely used in the Vogtland, the punctually occurring tertiary basaltoids (60 mg/kg) and the locally stored amphibolites (46 mg/kg) of the metamorphic basement, anomalously high Cu-contents occur in the weathering soils above the aforementioned rocks. Due to increased loess influence (with relatively low Cu contents of about 12 mg/kg), a "dilution effect" can occur via Cu-rich substrates, depending on the proportion of loess (e.g. via the monzonitoids in Meissen). Extremely low Cu concentrations can be observed in the weathered soils over acidic magmatites (egg-benstock granite, teplice rhyolite), metagranitoids (Ore Mountain Central Zone), sandstones (Elbe Sandstone and Zittau Mountains) and soil communities from periglacian sandy deck sediments in northern Saxony. Significant regional anomalies are mainly found in the Freiberg area, the most important former site of mining and smelting of polymetallic ores. However, anthropogenic inputs are generally limited to the immediate vicinity of the smelter sites. This results in overlay with geogenous fractions in the soil, which are causally related to the distribution of copper gravel leading mineral associations. Analogous conditions can be found, albeit in a weakened form, in the area Schneeberg - Schwarzenberg - Annaberg-Buchholz - Marienberg. The floodplain soils of the Freiberger Mulde have particularly high Cu contents. After the Freiberger Mulde enters the Freiberg mining and metallurgical area, there is a sustainable material load on the floodplain soils, which extends over the floodplain of the United Mulde to the northern border. Elevated Cu contents, but at a much lower level, also occur in the floodplain soils of the Zwickauer Mulde, where the polymetallic mineralization of the Westerzgebirge is located in the catchment area. As a result of the geogenous and anthropogenic processes described, the action values of the Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance (BBodSchV) for grassland use (sheep husbandry) are partially exceeded in the floodplain soils of the Freiberger and the Vereinigte Mulde.
Resources
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21 |
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https://luis.sachsen.de/boden/geodatendownload.html |
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21 |
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https://luis.sachsen.de/boden/geochemie.html |
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0 |
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https://luis.sachsen.de/arcgis/services/boden/gcbuek400/MapServer/WFSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WFS |
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0 |
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https://luis.sachsen.de/arcgis/services/boden/gcbuek400/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS |
Tags
- chemisches-element
- geologie
- boden
- chemie
- kupfer
- anorganischer-schadstoff
- cu