Benthic Cover Derived from Benthic Images Collected Across the Hawaiian Archipelago from 2019-08-27 to 2019-11-14 During a Bleaching Event (NCEI Accession 0259266)

Description

The data described here result from benthic photo-quadrat surveys conducted along transects at stratified random sites (StRS) and fixed sites surveyed in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) and the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) during bleaching event in 2019. This benthic cover dataset follows a typical benthic image analysis, but includes options for bleaching in imagery annotations. Benthic habitat imagery was quantitatively analyzed using the web-based annotation tool CoralNet (Beijbom et al. 2016) with the addition of codes for bleaching of hard coral. In general, images are analyzed to produce three functional group levels of benthic cover: Tier 1 (e.g., hard coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g., Hard Coral = massive, branching, foliose, encrusting, etc.; Macroalgae = upright macroalgae, encrusting macroalgae, bluegreen macroalgae, and Halimeda, etc.), and Tier 3 (e.g., Hard Coral = Astreopora sp, Favia sp, Pocillopora, etc.; Macroalgae = Caulerpa sp, Dictyosphaeria sp, Padina sp, etc.). For each category of hard coral, a bleached and non-bleached option existed during analysis to facilitate the collection of coral bleaching percent cover data. In the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) and some sites in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), a StRS design was employed to select random sites. The survey domain encompassed the majority of the mapped area of reef and hard bottom habitats in the 0-30 m depth range. The stratification scheme included island, reef zone, and depth in all regions, as well as habitat structure type in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Sampling effort was allocated based on strata area and sites were randomly located within strata. Sites were surveyed using photo-quadrats along transects to collect benthic imagery to ultimately produce estimates of relative abundance (percent cover), frequency of occurrence, benthic community taxonomic composition and relative generic richness. The StRS design effectively reduces estimate variance through stratification using environmental covariates and by sampling more sites rather than sampling more transects at a site. Therefore, site-level estimates and site to site comparisons should be used with caution. Surveys conducted in the Main Hawaiian Islands were conducted during shore-based missions and were all StRS, whereas surveys in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were performed opportunistically during the regularly scheduled NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) mission and encompassed StRS as well as fixed sites, which include climate stations and permanent sites

Resources

Name Format Description Link
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 16. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
0 Image Analysis Standard Operating Procedure: Lozada-Misa P, Schumacher BD, Vargas-Angel B. 2017. Analysis of benthic survey images via CoralNet : a summary of standard operating procedures and guidelines. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Administrative Report, H-17-02, 169 p. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02 https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02
0 CoralNet: Beijbom O, Edmunds PJ, Roelfsema C, Smith J, Kline DI, Neal BP, et al. (2015) Towards Automated Annotation of Benthic Survey Images: Variability of Human Experts and Operational Modes of Automation. Edited by Chaolun Allen Chen. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0130312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 16. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Coral Survey Standard Operating Procedure: Winston W, Couch C, Huntingon B, Vargas-Angel B. 2020. Ecosystem Sciences Division standard operating procedures: data collection for rapid ecological assessment benthic surveys, 2019 update. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-PIFSC-96, 56 p. https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69 https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 16. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 16. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
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0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/ar-pifsc-h-17-02
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
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0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
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0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/ar-pifsc-h-17-02
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
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0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/ar-pifsc-h-17-02
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
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0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/ar-pifsc-h-17-02
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
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0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/ar-pifsc-h-17-02
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
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0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/ar-pifsc-h-17-02
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259266
0 Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259266
0 These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259266/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
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0 Institution web page https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/
0 Information for contacts at NCEI. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
0 InPort Metadata Record https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59195
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130312
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/ar-pifsc-h-17-02
0 related journal article https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69

Tags

  • hawaiian islands (21n157w0027)
  • lanai island (20n156w0002)
  • crep
  • lanai island
  • coral cover
  • united states of america
  • coral reef conservation program (crcp)
  • reef monitoring and assessment
  • aquatic habitat
  • corals
  • tridacna
  • benthic habitat
  • coral reef ecosystem division
  • benthic
  • marine plants
  • oahu (21n157w0003)
  • pifsc
  • photograph analysis
  • in situ biological
  • maui
  • biosphere
  • photographic analysis
  • oceans
  • maui island (20n156w0004)
  • algae
  • marine invertebrates
  • maui island
  • hard coral cover
  • papahanaumokuakea marine national monument
  • numeric data sets
  • algal cover
  • hawaii
  • hard coral cover live percentage
  • macroinvertebrates
  • oceanography
  • coralnet
  • sponges
  • oahu island
  • quadrat monitoring
  • national coral reef monitoring program (ncrmp)
  • hawaii island (19n155w0003)
  • pacific islands fisheries science center
  • hawaii (21n160w0000)
  • earth science
  • n4cde7
  • benthic biology
  • french frigate shoals (24n166w0001)
  • seagrass
  • vegetation
  • hawaiian islands
  • crustose coralline algae
  • coral diseases
  • pearl and hermes reef (27n176w0001)
  • marine biology
  • coral communities
  • cred
  • mollusks
  • encrusting macroalgae
  • honolulu
  • northwestern hawaiian islands (28n178w0000)
  • bleaching
  • microbiota
  • benthos analysis
  • central pacific ocean
  • blue-green algae
  • transect monitoring
  • kure atoll (28n178w0001)
  • reef habitat
  • pacific reef and assessment monitoring program (pacific ramp - noaa/nmfs/cred)
  • coral reef ecology
  • ocean basin
  • ecosystem sciences division
  • coral
  • esd
  • coastal processes
  • linear transect (point)
  • octocoral cover
  • 31283
  • northwestern hawaiian islands
  • zoology
  • coral reefs
  • pacific ocean
  • rapid assessment studies
  • hawai'i coral bleaching assessment and analysis
  • country/territory
  • belt transect
  • hawaii island
  • turf algae
  • lisianski island (25n173w0001)
  • coral reef ecosystem program

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