Protected areas: Species and Habitats Directive (Natura2000, SCI, SAC)
Description
The Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC) was added in 1992. It treats habitat types as well as species groups other than birds. The term habitat is used very widely and includes both geological formations as well as biotopes and plant communities. The species groups in the Directive are mammals, including wolves, certain species of seals and bats, amphibians such as bell frog, fish such as salmon and pebble butts, mollusks such as river pearl mussels, vascular plants such as guckus cow and mosses such as hair clums. Lichens, mushrooms and algae are not included in the Directive. A total of 170 habitat types are listed in Annex 1 to the Habitats Directive, of which 88 are in Sweden. Each Member State shall propose sites of Community importance with the habitat types concerned (Annex 1) and, on the other hand, the species mentioned (Annex 2) and, on the other hand, ensure that the necessary measures are taken in the sites to conserve the habitats of the species so that they can survive in viable stocks and that habitat types are preserved in the long term. For both the Habitats and Birds Directives, the Member State must ensure that Natura 2000 sites receive the management they need and monitor the conservation of their natural values so that the status of the habitats and species concerned remains favourable. The different habitat types in the Directive are defined in the Interpretation Manual of the European Commission. Based on this, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has developed the book Swedish Nature Types.
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