Toxicity of benzotriazoles in aquatic organisms

Acute and chronic toxicity and modes of action of benzotriazoles (BZTs) and benzotriazoles UV-stabilizers (BZT-UVs) were evaluated in freshwater invertebrates, algae, and fish. Gene transcription, life history (viability, growth, reproduction), and protein activities were measured after short and long-term exposure of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, the freshwater algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to each compound alone and in a mixture.