Description
The southwestern sea clay area covers a large part of Zeeland and the South Holland islands. It is divided chronologically into oldland and newland. The old country includes Schouwen, a small part of Duiveland (around Zierikzee), part of Tholen, most of Walcheren, the Zak van Zuid-Beveland, the Yerseke and Kapelse Moer, and some small, isolated areas in East and West Zeeuwsch-Vlaanderen. Sa_Text "The old sea clay landscape was mainly formed after the Roman era, when large sea burglaries eroded or covered the present peat pack with a thick layer of sea sand and clay. Where the peat stood, it was later largely dug up for peat and salt extraction. The ancient land includes the sea deposits from the Early Middle Ages (500-1000), consisting of sandy creek ridges and low-lying, limeless pond soils. The formation of creek ridges has to do with differential latch (latch = subsidence due to dewatering). Initially, the creeks themselves were the lowest part of the landscape. The flanking embankments, made up of relatively coarse material, were somewhat higher than the environment that consisted of the remaining, previously formed peat. Much finer material was deposited on it, mainly heavy clay. In this way, the pond areas were created. When the creeks landed, the bed filled with sandy and soggy material, as long as the bed had the same height as the banks. The pond areas now consisted of clay on peat, which began to sound during the drainage that accompanied the extraction. The bottom went down. Because sand and zavel sound much less, the former creek beds were left behind as ridges in the landscape. Nut- and selnering (excavation for salt and peat extraction, see below) caused the pool areas to be lower and lower, increasing the height difference with the creekback soils. The first structural habitation on the creek ridges took place from the 9th and 10th centuries, especially on Walcheren and in the western part of Schouwen. The inhabitants came from the previously formed beach walls, where they had lived since the Bronze Age. On the higher backs fields were laid out and villages built; The road pattern was also traditionally related to the creek ridges. The pool areas were used as meadows and hay meadows. The salt marshes were also used as pasture. In 1014 and 1042, heavy storms struck the Delta region. This led to the construction of living heights of 1 to 2 meters high. Some grew into complete village starlets, such as Kloetinge on Zuid-Beveland. In the 12th/13th century, a number of individual dwelling pens were raised to castle mountains (vliedbergen). The heavy storm surge of 1134 led to the systematic enclosure of the old country in the course of the 12th and 13th centuries. Previous dams and dikes were included in the dike rings. In the Late Middle Ages, peat extraction began for salt and fuel production. This was done by removing the fairly thin clay layer at ground level and digging and drying the peat. For salt production, the peat was topped several times with salt water, until it was saturated with it. After burning, the salt could be extracted from the ashes. After the excavation of the peat, the discarded clay was scattered again and a ‘cavity’ (very irregular) ground level remained, which was a lot lower than in the unexcavated situation. Large areas have been excavated for the sel and moernering, making it easy for the sea to make its way into the country in the event of a dike breach. In addition, the drainage of the ‘damaged’ areas was made more difficult and waterways had to be dug."
Resources
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https://opengeodata.zeeland.nl/geoserver/chs/wfs?request=GetCapabilities |
Tags
- geologie
- zee-afzettingen
- zeekleilandschap
- cultuurhistorie
- landschaptypen
- aardkunde